Trig stations (or Trigonometric Stations) were critical to surveyors in providing reference points across Australia as they mapped the country. Thousands of trig points were generally sited on the highest and most prominent point in the local area, which means they often provide a great view – although many are now surrounded by trees and bushes. The trig stations or trig points typically consist of a black disc on top of four metal legs or a concrete pillar, while older ones consist of a rock cairn supporting a post and vane.

About a third of trig stations are located on government land; the map and list below are focused on those in and adjacent to national parks and nature reserves. This is very much a “work in progress”: having recently discovered the prevalance of these mostly hidden sites, I’ll add more trig points as I find time to reach them! If I’ve missed any in a national park or you’ve got a favourite, please leave me a comment at the bottom!

MAP KEY
Blue - a trig station referenced from SIX Maps
Green - trig stations I've visited and documented - see below
Orange / Red - trig station difficult to reach / located on private land & not publicly accesssible

Garigal National Park (Sydney North)

Unlike some of the Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park trig stations that demand serious navigation and off-track skills, the trig stations in and around Garigal National Park are generally easy to access. 

	TS1421 CARROL (165m) Just the concrete plinth remains of this trig station, which is only a few metres off the Carrol Trig Firetrail. Distance: 0.8km return. Ease of Access: Easy (firetrail) View: Great views a little further down the firetrail History: Last inspected October 2002 Location: 33°44’04.8″S 151°11’15.6″E. Access via Carrol Ttig Firetrail More info: Carrol Trig and Geocaching Australia
	TS10447 CROMER HEIGHTS (157m) The trig station can be seen from a fair a distance away – and once you clamber up to the trig point there are sweeping views over the bushland and to the ocean in the distance. Distance: 3km return. Ease of Access: Easy/Moderate View: Sweeping views from trig point History: Last inspected November 1979 Location: 33°43’50.7″S 151°15’19.9″E. Informal track off Red Hill Main Trail More info: Red Hill Loop and Geocaching Australia
	TS2636 JONES (131m) Trig station is in pretty good condition. Accessed via an informal and slightly overgrown track near the top of Manly Dam Mountain Bike Trail. Distance: 0.1km return. Ease of Access: Moderate (overgrown track) View: No views History: Last inspected December 2000 Location: 33°46’04.3″S 151°14’04.9″E. Access via informal track near Wakehurst Parkway More info: Bantry Bay Loop and Geocaching Australia
	TS3329 NARRABEEN (135m) Just the metal column remains of this trig station, which is easily accessible via a service trail. Great views of Narrabeen Lake and the ocean to the east. Distance: 2.2km return. Ease of Access: Easy View: Great views History: Last inspected August 1981 Location: 33°42’35.0″S 151°15’51.4″E. Access via Slippery DIp Trail from Deep Creek Reserve More info: Deep Creek Loop and Geocaching Australia
	TS6957 PITTWATER (217m) The concrete base remains from this trig station, which is hidden in thick bush a short distance from the base of a couple of radio towers. Distance: 0.2km return. Ease of Access: Moderate View: No views. Thick bush, History: Last inspected September 1976 Location: -33.68569, 151.2342. Access from Mona Vale Road (If southbound on Mona Vale Road look for small driveway & gate not long after Kimbriki tip turnoff More info: Geocaching Australia
	TS4735 WHEELER HEIGHTS (152m) There’s no evidence of the trig station, which may be located on private property. It’s easy to reach, but there are multiple (unofficial) signs indicating private land adjoining the firetrail. Distance: 2.4km return. Ease of Access: Moderate (no track) View: No views History: Last inspected July 1976 Location: 33°43’54.7″N 151°15’25.1″E. Access from Red Hill Main Trail More info: Red Hill Loop

Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park (Sydney North)

There are at least 30 trig stations across Ku-ring-gai National Park; most require a bit of off-track scrambling. The most challenging trigs, like Want Trig, require most of the day to traverse the thick scrub.     

	TS638 ARDEN (191m) Trig station is partly “unpiled”, but offers great views over West Head and out to Pittwater and the Barrenjoey Peninsula. Even better views from the rock platforms on both sides of the trig point. Distance: 3.8km return. Ease of Access: Moderate/Hard (no track) View: Great views from trig station and nearby rocks History: Non available Location: 33°38’02.9″S 151°15’03.4″E. Access via Waratah Track (400m off-track) More info: Rediscovering the Waratah Trail and Geocaching Australia
	TS649 ARTHUR (198m) The trig station is stil in pretty good condition; it is located just off a rough bushwalking track that goes from the Perimeter Trail out to Mount Murray Anderson. Distance: 3.1km return. Ease of Access: Moderate (narrow track) View: None from trig station History: Non available Location: 33°38’53.5″S 151°11’47.5″E. Rough (unmarked) track off Perimeter Trail. More info: Mount Murray Anderson bushwalk & Geocaching Australia
	TS681 BAIRNE (183m) It’s bloody hard work on a very rough and overgrown track through thick scrub up to the stone cairn and trig, which is still in good condition. Distance: 4.2km return. Ease of Access: Hard (very indistinct track & thick scrub) View: None from trig station History: Built 1883, last inspected April 1974 Location: 33°40’12.5″S 151°09’42.0″E. Rough (unmarked) track off Bairne Trail. More info: Bairne Trig bushwalk & Geocaching Australia
	TS7220 BARRENJOEY (104m) Hidden in thick bush not far from the Access Trail up to Barrenjoey Head, there’s not much left of this trig station after the 2013 bushfires. There’s a nice from the trig, which was the location of one of the original lightstations. Distance: 2.2km return. Ease of Access: Easy View: Views of Barrenjoey lighthouse and Barrenjoey peninsula History: Last inspected Nov 1990. Location: S33° 34.758′ E151° 19.716′. Short bush-bash up from main trail More info: Barrenjoey Lighthouse bushwalk & Geocaching Australia
	TS1013 BOBBIN (185m) Not far off the Bobbin Head Trail, through some light scrub, is the Bobbin Trig Station. It’s partly demolished, although much of the stone cairn remains. Distance: 4.8km return (from Bobbin Head road). Ease of Access: Moderate View: None from trig station History: Built 1883, last inspected October 1979 Location: 33°36’50.6″S 151°17’09.9″E. Access from Bobbin Head Road or Bobbin Head More info: Sphinx to Bobbin Head loop bushwalk & Geocaching Australia
	TS1672 COWAN (197m) A short “bush bash” from the Cowan Track to this trig station, which is still in good condition but well-hidden in the scrub. Distance: 5.8km return. Ease of Access: Easy/Moderate View: None from trig station or nearby History: Last inspected: June 1982. Location: 33°39’10.8″S 151°10’28.2″E. Short bush-bash from Cowan Track More info: Cowan & Wilkin Tracks & Geocaching Australia
	TS1955 ELLIS (197m) An easy walk up the “Ellis Trig Trail”, which leads to a great lookout over Coal & Candle Creek. The trig station itself is a bit further up the hill – and there’s not much of it left! Distance: 0.3km return. Ease of Access: Easy View: Great views from just below trig station History: Built in 1882, last inspected: June 1983 Location: 33°38’52.9″S 151°13’44.9″E. Ellis Trig Trail from General Sam Martin Drive More info: Geocaching Australia
	TS2005 EURO (169m) A relatively easy off-track walk from the Basin Trail. The trig station mast is easy to spot above the trees, and there are great views in all directions. A few Aboriginal engraving sites are nearby. Distance: 3.2km return. Ease of Access: Moderate View: Sweeping views over Pittwater from trig point and nearby rock outcrops History: Last inspected: June 1979 Location: 33°35’59.8″S 151°17’17.4″E. Off Basin Trail (West Head) More info: Geocaching Australia
	TS2427 HARVEY (199m) Easiest access is by walking around the eastern side of the rock outcrop until you can scramble up to the top. There are remains of the old stone trig, and a newer steel post. Nice district views from the edge of the large rock platform. Distance: 0.8km return. Ease of Access: Moderate (no track) View: Nice views over Duffys Forest History: Built 1882, last inspected June 1983 Location: 33°40’10.3″S 151°14’03.7″E. Access from McCarrs Creek Road. More info: Geocaching Australia
	TS2531 HUNGRY (197m) A tough walk through thick undergrowth from the Hungry Trail to reach this trig station above General San Martin Drive. The base of the trig is still there, but missing post and vanes, and no views from the trig station. Distance: 0.5km return. Ease of Access: Hard (no track, thick scrub) View: Nice views from near trig History: Last inspected June 1983 Location: 33°39’18.7″S 151°13’39.4″E. Access from General San Martin Drive More info: Trig Bagging at Cottage Point & Geocaching Australia
	TS2581 JACOMB (168m) Accessed via the Jacomb Trail (firetrail) with short off-track section through the bush, the Jacob Trig Station is mostly depiled and looks more like a pile of stones… Distance: 2.6km return. Ease of Access: Moderate View: No views History: Last inspected November 1973 Location: 33°41’00.8″S 151°09’41.3″E. Access from Bobbin Head Road More info: Sphinx to Bobbin Head bushwalk & Geocaching Australia
	TS2882 LONG (208m) One of the few trig stations that is actually on a bushwalking track – or in this case, visible from the Long Trail and accessible by a short and distinct track. Distance: 7.6km return from end of Cullamine Road. Ease of Access: Moderate View: No views (continue 900m to end of Long Trail) History: Last inspected January 1973 Location: 33°38’13.7″S 151°10’37.2″E. Access from Long Trail More info: Long Trail bushwalk & Geocaching Australia
	TS3015 MCCARR (196m) A short scramble up from West Head Road brings you to some nice rock formations with views over Coal and Candle Creek to the west. The trig point is a bit further away from the road and is in poor condition. Distance: 0.5km return. Ease of Access: Moderate (no track) View: None from trig. Nice views from closer to road. History: Built 1882, last inspected October 1978 Location: 33°39’07.4″S 151°15’40.7″E. Access from West Head Road. More info: Geocaching Australia
	TS3018 MCCOWEN (184m) Accessible from the Chiltern Trail or from Chiltern Road, a short climb gets you to the trig station. There’s only a glimpse of the ocean from the modern concrete pedestal, but some nice views of Coal and Candle creek to the north-west from just below the trig. Distance: 1.4km return. Ease of Access: Moderate (no track) View: Nice views from rocks below trig. History: Non available Location: 33°40’09.8″S 151°15’50.4″E. Access from Chiltern Trail or Chiltern Road More info: Chiltern Trail bushwalk & Geocaching Australia
	TS3914 ROACH (223m) One of the highest trig points in Ku-ring-gai Chase NP, just 10m below Willunga – but absolutely no view! A short but tough bush to this forlorn circle of rocks, that once was a cairn. Distance: 4.8km return. Ease of Access: Moderate View: No views from trig. History: None available Location: 33°39’00.5″S 151°10’57.9″E. Just off Long Trail in thick scrub More info: Long Trail bushwalk & Geocaching Australia
	TS5929 TABER (204m) An easy walk up from Cottage Point Road via a walking trail to the trig station, which has been damaged by bushfire. Continue 100m for a great view over Coal and Candle Creek. Distance: 0.4km return. Ease of Access: Easy View: No views from trig. Continue 100m for great views. History: Last inspected August 1977 Location: 33°37’51.3″S 151°12’28.2″E. Access via Ausgrid access trail More info: Trig Bagging at Cottage Point  & Geocaching Australia
	TS5653 TOPHAM (223m) A fairly tough off-track walk through sometimes thick scrub. There are many Aboriginal engravings on Topham Hill, as well as rock formations and caves. Distance: 2.2km return. Ease of Access: Hard View: Views over the park from the trig point; better views from nearby rocks History: Last inspected June 2002 Location: 33°36’30.3″S 151°15’47.7″E. Access from West Head Road or Topham Track More info: Topham Hill Rock Art & Geocaching Australia
	TS4576 WALLAROO (188m) An easy walk along the Salvation Loop & Wallaroo Track, with the last 200m being a scramble through light scrub to the top of the hill. Distance: 6km return. Ease of Access: Moderate View: No views from trig. Views over Cowan Creek from nearby. History: Last inspected January 1972 Location: 33°36’42.2″S 151°14’34.2″E. Access via Wallaroo Track More info:  In search of the Wallaroo Trig & Geocaching Australia
	TS4625 WARATAH (182m) Stunning views over Coal and Candle Creek from the trig station and from “Paddys Castle” 150m to the south. Unmarked access track from Waratah Trail Distance: 7km return. Ease of Access: Moderate View: Great views History: Buily 1882; last inspected January 1973 Location: 33°37’46.0″S 151°13’48.5″E. Access track from Waratah Trail More info: More info: Rediscovering the Waratah Trail and Geocaching Australia
	TS4763 WILKINS (195m) Located close to the Perimeter Trail, the trig station is missing its post or vanes, and is surrounded by trees – so no views in any direction. Distance: 4.4km return. Ease of Access: Moderate (no track) View: No views. History: Last inspected June 1982 Location: 33°39’23.6″S 151°12’07.9″E.  Access track from Waratah Trail More info: Geocaching Australia
	TS2779 WILLUNGA (233m) Willunga Trig is the highest point in Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, and offers great views toward Pittwater and as far as the city of Sydney to the south. Distance: 1.5km return. Ease of Access: Easy View: Great views History: Last inspected December 1972 Location: 33°37’46.0″S 151°13’48.5″E. Take Willunga Trail from West Head Road More info: Willunga Trail bushwalk & Geocaching Australia

Berowra Valley National Park (Sydney North)

There are not many trig stations in Berowra Valley National Park, although most are fairly easy to reach.

TS3765 POGSON (217m) A sorry-looking concrete plinth, near the junction of the Pogson Trig Trail and the Quarry Firetrail. A nice walk up from the Fishponds to the ridge. Distance: 3km return from Quarry Road / 7.4km return from Quarter Sessions Road. Ease of Access: Easy View: No views. History: Last inspected December 1975 Location: 33°41’32.1″S 151°04’17.4″E. More info: Pogson Trig Loop bushwalk & Geocaching Australia

Muogamarra

Muogamarra Nature Reserve is only open to the public for six weekends a year (usually over August & September). It contains two trig stations; the track to LLoyd Trig is a popular bushwalk when the nature reserve is open. 

TS2871 LLOYD (210m) A short walk to a trig point with views over the Hawkesbury River as well as toward West Head and Barrenjoey. Distance: 2.8km return. Ease of Access: Easy (firetrail) View: Great views from trig point History: Last inspected October 2002 Location: 33°32’48.1″S 151°11’27.4″E. Access via Lloyd Trig Firetrail More info: Lloyd Trig bushwalk and Geocaching Australia

Brisbane Water National Park

Unlike Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park where almost all the trig points are off-track and out-of-sight, in Brisbane Water National Park some of them are local attractions. Both Warrah Trig and Wondabyne are the destination of two popular bushwalks.

TS5606 WONDABYNE (251m) Outstanding 360-degree views from this trig point on top of Mount Wondabyne: sweeping views toward Woy Woy and the surrounding central coast suburbs to the east, and Brisbane Water National Park and Wondabyne station to the west. Distance: 7.4km return from Woy Woy Road. Ease of Access: Easy View: Great 360-degree views History: Last inspected May 1985 Location: 33°29’38.0″S 151°16’30.0″E. More info: Pindar Caves and Mt Wondabyne bushwalk & Geocaching Australia

Popran National Park

There are not many trig stations in this national park on the Central Coast, which is between the Pacific Motorway and the Hawkesbury River. They are generally hidden in thick bush and require some bushwalking and navigation to reach…

TS3236 OLIVE (309m) A short side-trip on the way to Emerald Pool, this sorry-looking trig station is just off the bushwalking track to the top of Mount Olive. Distance: 2.6km return from parking area on Ironbark Road. Ease of Access: Moderate View: None from trig; nice views over Popran NP from nearby History: Last inspected Nov 2001 Location: 33°23’14.1″S 151°11’18.8″E. More info: Emerald Pool bushwalk

Dharug National Park

Some of the hardest-to-reach trig stations lie in the rugged Dharug National Park. Although a handful are near bushwalking tracks or firetrails, many of them require a few hours of tough off-track bushwalking to reach.

TS5643 WISEMAN (210m) Singed by the 2019/20 bushfires but still standing, this trig station is one of the easiest ones to reach in Dharug NP. It’s about 150m off the Finchs Line track. Distance: Approx 8km return via Devine Hill or Finchs Line (or 10km loop) Ease of Access: Easy/Moderate View: None from the trig or nearby History: Last inspected Feb 1975 Location: 33°22’28.2″S 150°59’31.6″E. More info: Devines Hill and Finchs Line bushwalk

More Information

A Brief History of Trig Stations in NSW

The first or baseline trig station was established at Lake George in 1867 (TS778 Lake George) by the Trigonometrical Survey of New South Wales. The surveying efforts continued for almost fifty years until it was suspended to reduce cost at the outset of WWI, with about a third of NSW covered. The survey was resumed intermittently between the two World Wars predominantly by the Royal Australian Survey Corps, and by 1966 the geodetic network covered about half of the state. In 1973 a plan was formulated to revise and complete the network, starting in the SydneyNewcastle-Wollongong region and continuing along the coast and then westwards. Many old-style cairn and pole stations were replaced by a concrete pillar with demountable mast and vane. Eventually, over 6,000 traditional ‘passive’ trigonometrical (trig) stations were installed, now managed by NSW Land Registry Services.

The relevance of the traditional trig stations was significantly reduced by the introduction in 2009 of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Continuously
Operating Reference Station (CORS) networks, or CORSnet-NSW. Covering all of NSW, CORSnet-NSW provides centimetre-level real-time positioning and allows nearby equipment and machinery to accurately determine coordinates for positioning and guidance solutions.

However, while it took only five years to cover more than two thirds of NSW with 150 active CORSnet-NSW trig stations by July 2014, passive control stations are still necessary. Consequently, the Land and Property Information (renamed the NSW Land Registry Services in 2017) initiated a process to select a subset of trig stations to maintain. Multiple criteria (including prominence within the survey network, ease of access, historical significance and monument quality) are used to assess each trig station across NSW and calculate a ‘TrigStar’ score out of 100 and a corresponding rating out of 5 stars. Based on this rating, the top 500-700 (about 10% of the total) will be maintained.

Read more: Preservation and Upgrade of Trigonometrical Stations in NSW [PDF]

Trig Station status

Some trig stations have a letter after the trig station code – this provides additional information on the trig station or survey mark:

Code	Status	Description
D	Destroyed	Evidence was found that the mark is destroyed
F	Found	Mark was found in good condition
N	Not Found	Mark was searched for, not found, but no evidence exists to indicate that it was destroyed
R	Restricted	Mark is in a restricted area and requires special permission for occupation.
S	Subsidence Area	Mark is located in an area identified as being subject to movement
U	Uncertain	Mark was found, however it was in an unstable condition or there was evidence that it had been disturbed or moved.

Resources

There’s a surprising amount of details on most of the trig stations, with their locations and inspection reports publicly available:

• SIX Maps provide access to a range of NSW primary spatial data – check the “Survey Marks” box to view trig stations (TS) as well as State Survey marks (SS) and Permanent Marks (PM)
• Survey Mark Sketches show the physical position of numbered Survey Control Marks (enter the number only, not the TS prefix to download a report)
• Geocaching Australia has thousands of trig stations registered as “virtual caches”, with additional information and useful access comments in the logs. There are also maps available, such as this one of all Australia trig station geocaches.

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